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The Role of Forensic Psychology in Legal Cases

Forensic psychology bridges the gap between the complexities of human behavior and the legal system, providing crucial psychological insights relevant to the case. Whether evaluating a defendant’s competency to stand trial, assessing psychological impacts in a personal injury case, or helping to determine the bests interests of the children in a custody case, forensic psychologists play a pivotal role in legal cases across the family court, civil court, and criminal justice system.

In this article, we’ll explore how forensic psychology contributes to the legal process, from psychological evaluations to expert testimony, and how these professionals collaborate with legal teams to clarify complex psychological issues for the court.

What is Forensic Psychology?

Forensic psychology involves applying psychological principles and methods to the legal system. Forensic psychologists work in various legal contexts, offering their expertise in both criminal and civil cases. Their evaluations help courts make informed decisions that consider an individual’s mental health and behavioral patterns.

In criminal cases, for example, a forensic psychologist might assess whether a defendant was mentally competent at the time of a crime or if they can stand trial. In civil cases, they may evaluate claims of psychological impacts following traumatic events like personal injury or workplace harassment. In family court, they might assess the psychological functioning of parents.

Key Roles of Forensic Psychologists in Legal Cases

1. Conducting Psychological Evaluations

Psychological evaluations are foundational to forensic psychology. These assessments, which often include psychological testing and clinical interviews, provide an in-depth understanding of an individual’s mental health status.

Common Scenarios for Psychological Evaluations:

  • Making suggestions for custody in family court cases.
  • Determining competency to stand trial.
  • Assessing the psychological impact of a crime on victims.
  • Evaluating psychological impacts in personal injury lawsuits.

These evaluations offer objective insights that help the court understand the psychological factors at play, guiding fair and balanced decisions. They ensure that legal decisions consider the psychological well-being of all parties involved. By presenting clear, evidence-based assessments, forensic psychologists help create legal outcomes that prioritize both justice and compassion.

2. Providing Expert Testimony

Forensic psychologists often serve as expert witnesses, presenting their findings and professional opinions to the court. This expert testimony can clarify complex psychological concepts for judges and juries, making it easier to grasp the implications of mental health issues in a legal context.

For instance, in criminal cases, a forensic psychologist might explain how a defendant’s mental health condition could have influenced their behavior at the time of the offense. This perspective can be critical for understanding motivations, assessing culpability, and determining appropriate sentencing. As another example, a forensic psychologist might explain whether or not a parent’s mental health diagnosis impacts their parenting skills.

Challenges and Considerations in Forensic Psychology

While forensic psychology provides invaluable insights, it’s not without challenges. Forensic psychologists must navigate ethical concerns, such as maintaining objectivity and ensuring their evaluations are free from bias. They must also communicate complex psychological information in a way that is accessible and understandable for those without a mental health background. Despite these challenges, the role of forensic psychology in legal cases remains essential. By integrating psychological expertise into the legal process, forensic psychologists contribute to a more nuanced and informed judicial system.

We’re Here for You

At Lepage Associates, our skilled forensic psychologists are dedicated to providing thorough and objective evaluations for a wide range of legal cases. Whether you’re navigating a criminal trial, family court, or civil litigation, our team offers expert testimony and psychological assessments tailored to your unique needs.

Contact us today to learn more about our forensic psychology services in Durham, Raleigh, Chapel Hill, and surrounding areas in North Carolina. For attorneys, let us help you best serve your clients by adding our expertise as needed; for parties in the court system, let us help you navigate the complexities of the legal system with clarity and confidence.

Parenting Support: Techniques for Raising Resilient Kids

As parents, one of the greatest gifts we can give our children is the ability to adapt and thrive in the face of life’s challenges. Resilience is the ability to adapt to difficult situations, bounce back from setbacks, and approach problems with confidence. Raising resilient kids not only helps them navigate childhood but also sets them up for long-term success as they grow into adulthood.

Resilience isn’t something children are born with—it’s a skill they develop over time, often by observing their parents and learning how to handle challenges in healthy ways. With the right techniques and support, parents can help their children learn these critical life skills while creating an environment that nurtures emotional growth.

Why Resilience Matters

Resilient children are better equipped to face life’s inevitable ups and downs. They develop problem-solving skills, confidence, and a sense of control over their circumstances. Whether it’s learning how to fix a mistake at school, handling a difficult friendship, or managing feelings of anger or frustration, resilience allows children to tackle challenges with a positive and proactive mindset.

As children grow, they will face academic pressures, social changes, and emotional struggles. By teaching your child how to adapt and respond to these challenges, you’re preparing them to handle life’s complexities with strength and confidence.

Techniques for Raising Resilient Kids

1. Be a Role Model for Resilience

Children learn by observing their parents, so modeling resilience in your own life is one of the most powerful ways to teach them. Show your kids how you handle challenges calmly and constructively. If you encounter a setback, talk openly about how you’re problem-solving and adapting to the situation.

For example, if a project at work doesn’t go as planned, you might say:

  • “This didn’t work out the way I wanted, but I’m going to try again with a new plan.”

By demonstrating a calm and consistent approach to handling challenges, you teach your children how to manage their own difficulties with confidence and composure.

2. Encourage Problem-Solving Skills

Resilient children are problem-solvers. They learn how to fix mistakes, make decisions, and take responsibility for their actions. Encourage your child to come up with solutions to challenges they encounter, rather than stepping in to solve problems for them.

For younger children, you might help them brainstorm options and choose the best one. For older kids, encourage them to take the lead in figuring things out.

For example:

  • If your child forgets their homework, instead of rushing it to school, ask, “What can you do differently next time to remember it?”
  • If they feel angry after an argument with a friend, guide them to think about how they might resolve the conflict calmly.

This approach not only helps children develop critical thinking skills but also builds their confidence in their ability to handle tough situations.

3. Create a Safe and Supportive Environment

Children feel more resilient when they know they are supported. A home environment that is calm and consistent provides children with a sense of security and predictability, which is essential for emotional growth.

Ways to create this environment include:

  • Setting clear expectations and boundaries.
  • Offering praise and encouragement for their efforts.
  • Listening to their feelings without judgment.

When children know they can turn to you for guidance and comfort, they feel more confident in facing the world’s challenges.

4. Allow Room for Failure

Resilient kids learn through experience, and that includes experiencing failure. While it can be tempting to shield your child from mistakes or disappointments, allowing them to face and overcome setbacks is crucial for their development.

For instance, if your child doesn’t do well on a test, help them reflect on what they could do differently next time, such as studying more effectively or asking for help. This teaches them that failure is not the end—it’s an opportunity to grow and improve.

5. Teach Emotional Regulation

Resilience isn’t just about solving problems—it’s also about managing emotions. When children learn how to handle strong emotions like anger or frustration, they’re better equipped to stay calm and think clearly in difficult situations.

Help your child recognize and name their feelings, and teach them coping strategies such as:

  • Taking deep breaths to calm down.
  • Counting to 10 when they feel angry.
  • Talking about their feelings with someone they trust.

By teaching your child how to regulate their emotions, you’re giving them the tools to approach challenges with a balanced perspective.

6. Encourage Independence

One of the most effective ways to raise resilient children is to encourage independence. Give your child opportunities to make decisions, take on responsibilities, and learn from their own experiences.

For example:

  • Let them choose their own extracurricular activities based on their interests.
  • Encourage them to try new things, even if they feel uncertain at first.
  • Allow them to handle age-appropriate tasks, such as packing their own school bag or managing their homework.

As children develop independence, they gain confidence in their ability to handle life’s challenges, setting the stage for lifelong resilience.

Supporting Your Child’s Growth

Raising resilient kids is a journey, and it requires patience, encouragement, and adaptability. Every child is unique, and some may need more support than others to handle challenges and develop emotional strength.

Remember, resilience doesn’t mean never feeling upset or frustrated—it means learning how to face difficulties, manage emotions, and move forward with confidence. By encouraging problem-solving, fostering a supportive environment, and teaching your child valuable life skills, you’re helping them grow into capable and confident individuals.

We’re Here to Help

At Lepage Associates, we understand the challenges of parenting and are here to support you in raising resilient children. Our experienced professionals offer personalized parenting support, guidance, and strategies to help your child develop the skills they need to handle life’s challenges with confidence.

Contact us today to learn more about our services in Durham, Raleigh, Chapel Hill, and surrounding areas in North Carolina. Together, we can help you nurture your child’s resilience and set them up for a bright and successful future.

Overcoming Depression with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Depression can feel like an overwhelming weight, affecting your emotional behavior, relationships, and daily functioning. Whether you’re experiencing mild to moderate depression or facing the challenges of major depression, it’s important to know that effective treatments are available to help you regain a sense of balance and hope.

One of the most widely recommended approaches for the treatment of depression is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). This evidence-based, short-term therapy focuses on addressing the connection between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors to create meaningful change.

In this blog, we’ll explore how CBT works, why it’s so effective, and how it can help you or a loved one overcome depressive symptoms and improve mental health.

What is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a structured, goal-oriented form of psychotherapy that focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and behaviors. It’s based on the idea that how we think about life situations influences how we feel and act.

For example, if you frequently experience automatic thoughts like “I’m a failure” or “Things will never get better,” these negative thought patterns can contribute to depressive symptoms, making it harder to engage in everyday activities or find joy in life. A CBT therapist works with you to challenge and reframe these thoughts, replacing them with more balanced and constructive perspectives.

Why is CBT Effective for Treating Depression?

Numerous studies have shown that CBT is significantly more effective than many other therapies in addressing depression. It’s particularly helpful for those dealing with mild to moderate depression, though it can also support individuals with major depression, especially when used as part of a combined treatment plan that includes medication or other interventions.

Here are some reasons why CBT is so effective in treating depression:

  1. Focus on Problem-Solving Skills
    Depression often feels like being stuck in a cycle of negative thoughts and unproductive behaviors. CBT helps break this cycle by teaching practical problem-solving skills, enabling individuals to address challenges in their lives with clarity and confidence.
  2. Short-Term, Long-Term Benefits
    Unlike therapies that may take years to deliver results, CBT is designed to be a short-term treatment, typically lasting 12-20 sessions. Despite its short-term nature, the skills learned during CBT provide long-term benefits, empowering individuals to manage their mental health independently over time.
  3. Targeting Negative Thought Patterns
    Depression often fuels negative thought patterns and self-criticism. CBT helps individuals identify these patterns and replace them with healthier, more realistic ways of thinking. This shift in mindset can reduce depressive symptoms and improve overall well-being.
  4. Focus on Emotional and Behavioral Change
    By addressing emotional behavior, CBT helps individuals understand how their feelings and actions are interconnected. For example, feeling sad may lead to withdrawing from loved ones, which in turn reinforces feelings of isolation and deepens depression. CBT interrupts these patterns by encouraging individuals to engage in positive, mood-boosting behaviors, even when it feels difficult.

How CBT Addresses Life Events and Depression

CBT is particularly helpful for individuals whose depression is linked to specific life events or circumstances. Whether it’s the loss of a loved one, a career setback, or major life changes, CBT provides tools to process these events in a healthy way.

For example:

  • Automatic Thoughts: If a challenging life event triggers automatic thoughts like “I can’t handle this,” a CBT therapist helps you reframe that thought into something more constructive, such as “This is difficult, but I’m taking steps to manage it.”
  • Emotional Regulation: CBT teaches strategies for managing intense emotions, such as sadness or anger, helping you respond to life situations with greater resilience.

Who Can Benefit from CBT?

CBT is versatile and can benefit individuals with a range of depressive symptoms, from mild to severe. It’s particularly well-suited for those who want to actively engage in their treatment and develop problem-solving skills they can use in the future.

Some individuals may benefit from combined treatment, which pairs CBT with medication or other therapeutic approaches to address complex cases of major depression. A mental health professional can help you determine the best treatment plan for your unique needs.

What to Expect from CBT

During your CBT sessions, your therapist will guide you through exercises that help you identify negative thought patterns and behaviors. Together, you’ll explore strategies to address these patterns and develop healthier ways of thinking and acting.

CBT is collaborative, meaning you and your therapist work together to set goals, track progress, and adjust strategies as needed. Between sessions, you may be encouraged to practice these skills in your daily life, helping you integrate what you’ve learned into real-world situations.

The Benefits of Overcoming Depression with CBT

The skills you develop through CBT extend far beyond the therapy room. By changing the way you think about yourself and the world, CBT helps you:

  • Gain confidence in handling challenges.
  • Improve relationships with friends, family, and colleagues.
  • Enhance your overall mental health and emotional resilience.
  • Rediscover joy and purpose in your life.

While depression can feel overwhelming, CBT empowers you to take control of your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, paving the way for lasting recovery.

We’re Here to Help

At Lepage Associates, our experienced therapists specialize in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to help individuals overcome depression and build a brighter future. Whether you’re dealing with mild to moderate depression or major depression, we’ll work with you to create a personalized treatment plan that meets your unique needs.

Contact us today to schedule an appointment at one of our offices in Durham, Raleigh, Chapel Hill, or surrounding areas in North Carolina. Let us help you take the first step toward healing and rediscovering the life you deserve.

Grief Counseling: Navigating the Path to Healing

Grief is one of the most profound emotions we experience, often triggered by the loss of a loved one or other significant life changes. It’s a deep personal journey, yet it connects us all as part of the shared human experience. While grief is natural, it can be overwhelming, manifesting in a variety of emotions such as sadness, anger, guilt, or even confusion.

Grief counseling offers a safe space to express these feelings, gain insight into the grieving process, and develop healthy coping strategies. Whether you’re navigating your own grief journey or seeking support for someone you care about, understanding how grief counseling works and its benefits can be an essential step toward healing.

Understanding the Grieving Process

The grieving process is often described through the “stages of grief,” which include denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. While these stages provide a helpful framework, they are not a linear roadmap—each person’s grief journey is unique, and emotions may ebb and flow unpredictably.

Common emotional responses to loss include:

  • Sadness, Anger, Guilt: These emotions may surface as you reflect on what has been lost or unresolved.
  • Confusion or Isolation: Loss can disrupt routines and relationships, leading to feelings of disconnection.
  • Physical Symptoms: Grief can take a toll on mental health and may cause fatigue, appetite changes, or sleep difficulties.

While grieving is a normal response to loss, prolonged or intense grief can impact your mental health and quality of life. Recognizing when to seek professional support can be a vital step in the healing process.

What is Grief Counseling?

Grief counseling provides a compassionate and supportive environment where individuals can process their emotions, gain perspective, and find comfort in their response to loss. A grief counselor helps clients:

  • Understand and validate their feelings.
  • Develop personalized coping strategies to manage grief.
  • Explore the meaning of the loss and its impact on their life.
  • Reconnect with a sense of hope and purpose.

Whether through individual sessions, family therapy, or grief support groups, grief counseling offers tools to navigate the complexities of grief in a healthy and constructive way.

Benefits of Grief Counseling

1. A Safe Space to Express Feelings

One of the greatest challenges of grief is feeling like you need to “hold it together” for others. Grief counseling provides a safe space to express your sadness, anger, guilt, or other emotions without judgment. This validation can be incredibly healing, helping you feel understood and supported.

2. Gaining Insight into the Grieving Process

A grief counselor can help you better understand the grieving process, normalize your emotions, and dispel myths about how you “should” feel. For example, it’s common to revisit certain emotions multiple times during the grief journey, and that’s okay.

3. Learning Healthy Coping Strategies

Grief counseling focuses on practical ways to manage your emotions and regain stability in your daily life. These coping strategies may include:

  • Journaling or creative expression to process emotions.
  • Practicing self-care, such as ensuring adequate rest, nutrition, and exercise.
  • Gradually reengaging in activities you once enjoyed.

4. Finding Connection Through Grief Support Groups

Joining a support group can be a powerful way to connect with others who are experiencing similar feelings. Sharing your story and hearing the experiences of others fosters a sense of belonging and reduces feelings of isolation.

Grief support groups offer an opportunity to:

  • Share memories and emotions in a safe space.
  • Learn from others’ coping strategies.
  • Build a network of understanding friends and family outside your immediate circle.

How to Support Your Grieving Process

Grieving takes time, but there are steps you can take to nurture your mental health and move forward at your own pace.

1. Practice Self-Compassion

Allow yourself to feel the full range of emotions that accompany grief. Avoid judging yourself for how long you’ve been grieving or comparing your experience to others. Healing is not a race, and giving yourself space to grieve is an essential part of the process.

2. Seek Support from Friends and Family

While grief can feel isolating, leaning on loved ones can help you feel more connected and supported. Share your feelings with trusted friends or family members, or simply spend time with them to find comfort in their presence.

3. Consider Joining a Support Group

As mentioned earlier, grief support groups provide a unique space to share your journey with others who truly understand. These groups can be an invaluable resource for building community and learning from others who have faced similar losses.

4. Seek Professional Help

If your grief feels overwhelming or prolonged, or if you find it difficult to manage daily life, seeking professional support from a grief counselor or mental health professional can be transformative. Counseling can provide clarity, tools, and hope during this challenging time.

The Long-Term Healing Process

Healing from grief doesn’t mean forgetting your loved one or “moving on” in the traditional sense. Instead, it means finding ways to honor their memory while rediscovering joy and meaning in your own life. Over time, the intensity of grief often lessens, replaced by moments of reflection and gratitude for the love shared.

We Can Help

At Lepage Associates, we are dedicated to helping individuals and families navigate the complexities of grief with compassion and care. Our experienced counselors provide grief counseling and support for those coping with the loss of a loved one, creating a safe and supportive environment for healing.

If you or someone you know is struggling with grief, don’t hesitate to reach out. Contact us today to learn more about our grief counseling services and how we can support your journey toward healing.

Lepage Associates proudly serves individuals and families in Durham, Raleigh, Chapel Hill, and surrounding areas in North Carolina. Together, we can help you find comfort, strength, and hope on the path to healing.

Decoding ADHD: A Comprehensive Guide for Parents

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), sometimes also referred to as ‘ADD’ for people without hyperactivity symptoms, is a neurodevelopmental condition that can significantly impact a child’s ability to concentrate, regulate impulsivity, and manage restlessness. While every child experiences momentary lapses in focus or bouts of high energy, ADHD includes persistent patterns that can disrupt various aspects of life, including school, relationships, and daily routines. As a parent, understanding ADHD and its nuances is crucial for providing the necessary support and guidance to your child.

Recognizing the Signs

The core symptoms of ADHD can be categorized into three main areas: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. However, it’s important to note that these manifestations can vary in severity and presentation from child to child. For example, the continuum ranges from mild to severe, thus mild presentations can be harder to notice as potential ADHD. Also, some children with mild to moderate ADHD may be able to compensate in lower grades just due to their intelligence and perseverance and do well in school, then start to struggle in high school or college, though notably the ones compensating often still suffer from the stress and energy it takes to do so even if their grades look fine.

Inattention

Children with ADHD often struggle to maintain focus and concentration, easily becoming distracted by external stimuli or internal thoughts. They may have difficulty following instructions, completing tasks, or retaining important details, leading to forgetfulness and disorganization.

Hyperactivity

Excessive physical movement and restlessness are hallmarks of hyperactivity in ADHD. Children may fidget, squirm, or have trouble sitting still, even in situations where calmness is expected. They may also exhibit excessive talking, interrupting others, or engaging in disruptive behaviors.

Impulsivity

Impulsivity in ADHD can manifest as a lack of self-control, leading to hasty actions without considering consequences. Children may blurt out responses, interrupt conversations, or engage in risky or inappropriate behaviors without forethought.

Understanding the Causes

While the exact causes of ADHD are not fully understood, research suggests that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may contribute to its development.

Genetic Influences

ADHD often runs in families, indicating a strong genetic component. If a parent or close relative has ADHD, a child’s risk of developing the condition increases.

Environmental Factors

Certain environmental factors, such as premature birth, exposure to toxins during pregnancy, or maternal substance abuse, have been linked to an increased risk of ADHD. However, it’s important to note that ADHD is not caused by factors like excessive screen time, poor parenting, or dietary choices.

Diagnosing ADHD

If you suspect your child may have ADHD, it’s crucial to seek professional evaluation and diagnosis. The process typically involves the following steps:

  1. Medical Examination: Your child’s medical doctor can conduct a comprehensive physical examination, including vision and hearing tests, to rule out any underlying medical conditions that could be contributing to the symptoms.
  2. Psychological Evaluation (Testing) and Behavioral Assessments: A psychologist can provide the testing typically done to diagnose ADHD. This testing can help distinguish ADHD from other mental health conditions with similar symptoms. They will also gather information about your child’s behavior from multiple sources, including parents, teachers, and the child themselves. This may involve completing rating scales or checklists to assess the severity and impact of the symptoms. Click here to learn more about diagnosing ADHD:. Note this testing is required by schools to receive accommodations for ADHD; simple checklists will not typically suffice.
  3. Diagnostic Criteria: Based on the information gathered, a diagnosis of ADHD is made if the symptoms meet the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). These criteria include the persistence of symptoms across multiple settings, the onset of symptoms before a certain age, and the presence of significant impairment in daily functioning.

It’s important to note that ADHD often co-occurs with other conditions, such as learning disabilities, oppositional defiant disorder, or anxiety and mood disorders. These co-occurring conditions may need to be addressed as part of the overall treatment plan.

Comprehensive Treatment Approaches

Effective management of ADHD typically involves a multimodal approach, combining various interventions tailored to the individual needs of the child and their family. While medication is often utilized, milder cases may also be managed with therapy.

Medication

Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin) or amphetamines (e.g., Adderall), are commonly prescribed for ADHD. These medications can help improve focus, reduce hyperactivity, and increase impulse control. However, it’s essential to work closely with a healthcare professional to monitor the effectiveness and potential side effects of any medication. The area of medications for ADHD is ever-evolving, and there are also non-stimulant medications available; talk to a psychiatrist about your options.

Behavior Therapy

Behavior therapy, also known as behavior modification, is a highly effective treatment for ADHD. People with ADHD can learn strategies to effectively manage their symptoms. It also can involve reinforcing desired behaviors through positive reinforcement and setting clear limits and consequences for problematic behaviors. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can also help children develop essential skills like emotional regulation, problem-solving, and social skills, which can be impacted by ADHD symptoms.

Parent Training and Education

Parenting a child with ADHD can be challenging, and parent coaching with a therapist who specializes in ADHD can equip parents with effective strategies for managing behaviors, fostering positive interactions, and creating a supportive home environment. Understanding ADHD and its impact on family dynamics is crucial for successful management.

School-Based Interventions

Children with ADHD may benefit from accommodations and support within the school setting. This can include the development of an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) or a 504 Plan, which outlines specific accommodations and modifications to help the child succeed academically and socially. As noted above, psychological testing is typically required by schools to receive accommodations for ADHD; simple checklists will not generally suffice.

Lifestyle Modifications

Incorporating lifestyle changes can also play a significant role in managing ADHD symptoms. Regular exercise, a balanced diet rich in essential nutrients (such as omega-3 fatty acids and zinc), and adequate sleep can positively impact focus, energy levels, and overall well-being.

Supporting Your Child’s Journey

Navigating the challenges of ADHD can be a journey for both children and their families. As a parent, it’s essential to provide unwavering support, encouragement, and understanding throughout the process.

Embrace Strengths and Celebrate Successes

While ADHD can present challenges, it’s important to recognize and celebrate your child’s unique strengths and talents. Focusing on their positive qualities and achievements can foster a sense of self-worth and resilience. Children with ADHD often struggle with feelings of low self-worth, or self-criticism, so be their cheerleader focusing on their strengths and achievements (which may not be more typical academic achievements).

Seek Support and Connect with Others

Joining support groups or connecting with other families navigating similar experiences can provide a valuable source of information, resources, and emotional support. Organizations like CHADD (Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) offer a wealth of resources and opportunities to connect with others in the ADHD community.

Foster Open Communication

Maintaining open and supportive communication with your child about their ADHD is crucial. Encourage them to express their feelings, concerns, and challenges, and provide a safe space for them to share their experiences without judgment. Talk positively about their future, noting while traditional school may be a struggle, not all jobs require detailed attention, and people with ADHD can thrive in many professions.

Advocate for Your Child

As a parent, you are your child’s strongest advocate. Stay informed about their rights, available resources, and support services. Collaborate with teachers, healthcare professionals, and other professionals involved in your child’s care to ensure their needs are met and their voices are heard.

Navigating the world of ADHD can be challenging, but with the right knowledge, support, and interventions, children with ADHD can thrive and reach their full potential. By understanding the condition, getting a professional diagnosis, seeking professional help, and fostering a nurturing environment, you can empower your child to embrace their unique strengths and overcome any obstacles they may face.

Unlocking Human Potential: The Transformative Power of Psychological Testing

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In today’s ever-evolving world, where complexities abound and challenges seem insurmountable, understanding oneself becomes a crucial step towards personal growth and fulfillment. Psychological testing emerges as a powerful tool, shedding light on the intricate workings of the human mind and paving the way for tailored solutions that empower individuals to thrive. This comprehensive guide delves into the myriad benefits of psychological testing, exploring its profound impact on children, adults, and families alike.

Unveiling the Essence: What is Psychological Testing?

Psychological testing is a scientifically-grounded process that involves the administration of standardized assessments designed to measure various aspects of an individual’s cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning. These tests are meticulously crafted by experts in the field, ensuring reliability and validity in their evaluation methods.

At its core, psychological testing aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of an individual’s strengths, weaknesses, and unique characteristics. By illuminating these facets, professionals can tailor interventions, treatments, and support systems that cater to the specific needs of each person, maximizing the potential for growth and personal development.

The Multifaceted Benefits: Empowering Children and Families

Early Identification of Developmental Challenges

One of the most significant advantages of psychological testing for children is the early identification of developmental challenges or learning disabilities. By pinpointing areas of concern at an early stage, parents and professionals can collaborate to implement targeted interventions, ensuring that children receive the necessary support to overcome obstacles and thrive academically, socially, and emotionally.

Guiding Educational Strategies

Psychological testing provides invaluable insights into a child’s cognitive abilities, learning styles, and processing strengths. Armed with this knowledge, educators can tailor their teaching methods and classroom environments to better accommodate each student’s unique needs, fostering an inclusive and supportive learning environment that nurtures academic success.

Enhancing Family Dynamics

Beyond academic considerations, psychological testing can shed light on a child’s emotional and behavioral patterns, offering families a deeper understanding of their child’s needs and challenges. This increased awareness empowers parents to develop effective communication strategies, strengthen family bonds, and create a nurturing environment that promotes overall well-being.

Facilitating Targeted Interventions

By identifying areas of concern or exceptional abilities, psychological testing equips professionals with the necessary information to develop tailored intervention plans. These plans may include specialized therapies, educational accommodations, or enrichment programs, ensuring that children receive the support they need to reach their full potential.

Illuminating the Path: Benefits for Adults and the Broader Community

Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment Planning

In the realm of mental health, psychological testing plays a pivotal role in accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning. By assessing cognitive functioning, personality traits, and emotional well-being, professionals can gain a comprehensive understanding of an individual’s unique challenges and strengths, enabling them to develop personalized treatment strategies that address specific needs. If you are entering psychotherapy, consider doing a psychological evaluation with an evaluator at that practice (or at another practice if the therapist you are seeing does not practice with evaluators.)

Enhancing Workplace Fit and Career Choice

Psychological testing can also be invaluable in the professional sphere, providing insights into an individual’s cognitive abilities, problem-solving skills, and personality traits. This information can guide career counseling, facilitate job placement, and inform strategies for optimizing workplace performance and productivity, benefiting both individuals and organizations. 

Supporting Rehabilitation and Recovery

In cases of brain injuries, psychological testing can shed light on the extent of cognitive and functional impairments, guiding rehabilitation efforts and ensuring that individuals receive the appropriate support and accommodations to facilitate their recovery and reintegration into daily life.

Promoting Mental Health Awareness and Destigmatization

By fostering a deeper understanding of mental health conditions and cognitive differences, psychological testing can contribute to the destigmatization of mental illness and promote greater acceptance and inclusivity within communities. This increased awareness can encourage open dialogues, facilitate access to necessary resources, and create a more supportive environment for those in need.

The Comprehensive Approach: Multidimensional Evaluations for Holistic Insights

Psychological testing encompasses a wide range of assessments designed to evaluate various aspects of an individual’s functioning. Click here for more information on our assessments.

These assessments may include:

Cognitive Assessments

  • Intelligence tests and Achievement tests
  • Memory and attention evaluations
  • Executive functioning assessments
  • Processing speed measurements

Personality and Emotional Assessments

  • Personality inventories
  • Emotional inventories (stress, anxiety, depression, etc.)
  • Coping strategies and strengths
  • Anger measurements

Behavioral and Social Assessments

  • Adaptive behavior evaluations
  • Social skills assessments
  • Behavioral observations
  • Interpersonal functioning measurements

By combining the results of these multidimensional assessments, professionals can gain a comprehensive understanding of an individual’s unique profile, enabling them to develop holistic and tailored interventions that address the interplay between cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and social factors.

Fostering Collaboration: The Synergy of Testing and Therapy

Psychological testing and therapy can work in tandem, creating a powerful synergy that maximizes the potential for positive change and growth. While testing provides the necessary insights and data to inform treatment planning, therapy serves as the vehicle for implementing targeted interventions and fostering personal growth.

Through this collaborative approach, individuals can embark on a transformative journey, addressing identified challenges, developing coping strategies, and cultivating resilience. The integration of testing and therapy ensures that each individual’s unique needs are met, empowering them to overcome obstacles and achieve their full potential.

The Ethical Imperative: Ensuring Confidentiality and Professional Standards

As with any aspect of mental health care, confidentiality and adherence to professional standards are of utmost importance in psychological testing. Reputable testing facilities and practitioners prioritize maintaining strict confidentiality of protocols, ensuring that sensitive information is handled with the utmost care and discretion.

Furthermore, psychological testing is conducted by licensed and trained professionals who adhere to rigorous ethical guidelines and best practices. These professionals undergo extensive training and are committed to upholding the highest standards of integrity, ensuring that assessments are administered and interpreted accurately and without bias.

Choosing the Right Provider: Factors to Consider

When seeking psychological testing services, it is crucial to choose a reputable provider that aligns with your specific needs and values. Consider the following factors:

Expertise and Experience

Evaluate the credentials, training, and experience of the testing professionals. Seek practices that specialize in the areas relevant to your concerns and have a proven track record of delivering high-quality services.

Comprehensive Approach

Opt for practices that offer a comprehensive range of assessments, ensuring a holistic evaluation of cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and social functioning. A well-rounded approach is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning.

Accessibility and Convenience

Consider the accessibility and convenience of the testing facility, including location, hours of operation, and availability of appointments. Prioritize providers that offer flexible scheduling and accommodations to meet your unique needs.

Rapport and Communication

Effective communication and a strong rapport between the testing professional and the individual being evaluated are crucial for accurate assessment and positive outcomes. Look for providers who prioritize building trust and creating a comfortable and supportive environment.

Reputation and Reviews

Research the reputation of the testing facility and professionals by reading reviews, seeking recommendations from trusted sources, and checking how long the practice has been in existence. A positive reputation and years of serving the public can provide valuable foundation to the quality of services and the overall experience.

Embracing Empowerment: The Transformative Journey Begins

Psychological testing is a powerful tool that unlocks a wealth of insights and paves the way for personal growth, academic success, and overall well-being. By embracing this transformative process, individuals and families can embark on a journey of self-discovery, empowerment, and positive change.

Whether seeking to support a child’s development, address mental health concerns, or optimize professional performance, psychological testing offers a comprehensive and tailored approach to understanding and overcoming challenges. With the guidance of experienced professionals and a commitment to high quality practices, this invaluable resource has the potential to transform lives, foster resilience, and unlock the boundless potential within each and every individual.

Court-Ordered Mental Health Services Covered By Insurance

One of the most common questions we get is regarding what court-ordered services, if any, can be covered by insurance. I say “if any” because attorneys and clients sometimes have the mistaken assumption that mental health services cannot be covered by insurance when they are court-ordered.

However, it is not the referral source that determines whether a service could be reimbursed by insurance. Two criteria must exist for a service to be medically necessary, a relevant CPT code (i.e., service code) and diagnostic code. Or in plain English, if a client meets criteria for a mental health diagnosis that can be treated with therapy or medication, that claim can typically be turned into insurance.

So, here’s the QUICK GLANCE for potential insurance reimbursement:
Therapy – yes (includes all forms of therapy, for all presenting problems)
Psychological (or substance abuse) Evaluation – yes
Parenting Coordinator – no
Custody Evaluation – no

Hey, where did the “nos” come from! you may ask. Let me explain.

Parenting Coordinator (PC) appointments are not covered by insurance. The insurance companies say that if a PC is a role that can be held by an attorney as well as a mental health professional, then it is not a medical role and not reimbursed. There’s logic to that for sure. Also, the PC has the authority to make some limited decisions for clients, and therapists cannot actually make legally binding decisions for clients. Conversely, if the court orders family therapy to address co-parenting, that could be coded under family therapy (CPT) and adjustment disorder (example diagnosis; other diagnoses may apply as well); generally those clients can use their insurance to get reimbursed. That doesn’t automatically mean therapy versus PC is the best choice for a family with co-parenting concerns. For some families they really need the PC component of the PC being able to make a binding decision when they can’t come to an agreement, so then therapy doesn’t cut it since a therapist doesn’t have that dictate.

Custody evaluations are not used primarily to determine the presence or absence of a psychological disorder. They are used to determine parenting abilities and the best interests of the child with regard to custody. Thus, they are not medically necessary.

Why is it then, you may wonder, do clients or attorneys sometimes hear from a therapist or evaluator that clients cannot use their insurance at all for any service court-ordered? Well, great question. In my opinion they are being overly conservative and saying: court order = not medically necessary. But remember, it is typically not the referral source (such as court order) that determines whether something is medically necessary, but rather the person’s functioning, and it’s pretty clear most people court-ordered into therapy legitimately need services, and the same with the psychological evaluations ordered.

Another practical reality is that many clinicians who are in-network with insurance companies do not accept forensic clients. They may not be trained in working with clients involved with the courts, and most clinicians never want to have to testify so they avoid forensic cases. Also, forensically-involved clients are considered more work than general clients, and they are higher-risk for clinicians as they may threaten to sue their clinician or to make a board complaint if they don’t like the outcome of an evaluation or what a therapist says in court. Nonetheless, even if your client cannot find an in-network clinician to take their case, they may be able to find someone out-of-network and then still turn in their claim forms to insurance for reimbursement via their out-of-network benefits.

One caveat with psychological evaluations: sometimes people evaluated do not meet criteria for any disorder. In which case there is a CPT code to turn in for insurance, but no diagnostic code. In that instance the insurance company may not reimburse for the evaluation. But for clients providing an evaluation for the court that may be exactly the outcome one party is hoping for, i.e., an evaluation to show they do not have a mental health diagnosis. And if a client does meet criteria for a mental health diagnosis, not all diagnoses are detrimental to functioning as related to the legal questions at hand. For example, due to the stress of court cases, many parties being evaluated meet criteria for Adjustment Disorder.

Keep in mind this information is not a guarantee that insurance will cover a court-ordered service turned in for reimbursement by a client. Of course, the various insurance companies have the final say on a claim-by-claim basis about what they cover. But the brief, positive take away is: Clients should definitely turn in their court-ordered mental health services for insurance reimbursement. There is a good chance they will be covered and reimbursed just like any other service would be.

Unlocking the Power of Couples Therapy: A Path to Fortifying Your Romantic Bond

Relationships are intricate tapestries woven from countless threads of emotions, experiences, and expectations. Even the most resilient partnerships can encounter snags that fray the fabric of connection. In these moments, couples therapy emerges as a beacon, illuminating the path to healing, growth, and renewed intimacy. This comprehensive guide delves into the transformative potential of couples therapy, unveiling its multifaceted benefits and providing a roadmap to navigate the journey of strengthening your relationship.

The Essence of Couples Therapy

Couples therapy, also known as relationship counseling or marriage counseling, is a specialized form of psychotherapy that focuses on the unique dynamics and challenges faced by romantic partners. At its core, this therapeutic modality aims to unravel the complexities of interpersonal conflicts, foster open and constructive communication, and equip couples with the tools to navigate the ever-evolving landscape of their relationship.

Facilitated by a licensed mental health professional, couples therapy provides a safe and judgment-free environment where both partners can openly express their thoughts, feelings, and concerns. The therapist acts as a neutral guide, helping to identify underlying patterns, diffuse tensions, cultivate mutual understanding and empathy, and learn the essential skills to interact in a healthy way.

When to Seek Couples Therapy

While couples therapy is often sought during times of crisis or turmoil, its benefits extend far beyond conflict resolution. Many couples proactively choose to engage in therapy to strengthen their bond, enhance communication, and navigate life’s transitions together, before they experience any major problems. Many couples planning to marry engage in premarital counseling, another form of proactive therapy to build skills and connection.

Below are some common indicators that couples therapy may be beneficial, and you can click here to see a list of issues we can address:

Recurring Conflicts and Communication Breakdowns

If you find yourselves caught in a cycle of unresolved arguments, miscommunications, or emotional disconnection, it may be time to seek professional guidance. A skilled couples therapist can help you identify the root causes of these conflicts and provide healthy strategies for effective communication and conflict resolution.

Trust and Intimacy Issues

Breaches of trust, such as infidelity or dishonesty, can deeply fracture the foundation of a relationship. Couples therapy can help you navigate the complex emotions surrounding betrayal, rebuild trust, and reignite emotional and physical intimacy.

Life Transitions and Major Decisions

Significant life events, such as the birth of a child, career changes, or relocation, can strain even the strongest relationships. Couples therapy can provide a supportive environment to process these transitions, align your goals, and develop coping mechanisms to navigate the challenges together.

Differing Values or Expectations

Differing values, beliefs, or expectations regarding finances, parenting styles, or life goals can create rifts in a relationship. Couples therapy can help you explore these differences, find common ground, and establish healthy boundaries and compromises.

Mental Health Concerns

When one or both partners are dealing with mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety, or trauma, it can impact the relationship dynamic. Couples therapy can provide valuable support and coping strategies, helping you navigate these challenges together.

A Desire for Personal Growth

Even if your relationship is relatively stable, couples therapy can offer an opportunity for personal growth and self-awareness. By exploring your individual and shared experiences, you can deepen your understanding of each other and cultivate a more fulfilling partnership.

The Transformative Benefits of Couples Therapy

Embarking on the journey of couples therapy can yield a multitude of benefits that transcend the boundaries of your romantic relationship. Here are some of the most profound advantages that couples therapy can offer:

Improved Communication and Active Listening

One of the core objectives of couples therapy is to enhance communication skills and foster active listening. Through guided exercises and techniques, you’ll learn how to express your thoughts and feelings effectively while also being fully present and attentive to your partner’s perspective. This newfound ability to communicate openly and respectfully can significantly reduce misunderstandings and strengthen your emotional connection.

Increased Emotional Intimacy and Affection

Emotional intimacy is the bedrock of a healthy and fulfilling relationship. Couples therapy can help you identify and overcome barriers to intimacy, allowing you to cultivate a deeper sense of emotional closeness and affection. By exploring each other’s needs and learning to meet them in a meaningful way, you can reignite the spark that initially brought you together.

Effective Conflict Resolution Strategies

Conflicts are inevitable in any relationship, but how you navigate them can make all the difference. Couples therapy equips you with tools and techniques for constructive conflict resolution, such as active listening, compromise, and validating each other’s perspectives. By learning to approach disagreements with empathy and respect, you can transform conflicts into opportunities for growth and understanding.

Identifying and Breaking Unhealthy Patterns

Over time, relationships can become entrenched in unhealthy patterns of behavior, thought processes, and interactions. Couples therapy helps bring these patterns to light, providing you with the awareness and strategies needed to break free from destructive cycles and cultivate healthier dynamics.

Rebuilding Trust and Commitment

Trust is the cornerstone of any successful relationship, and when it is compromised, the effects can be devastating. Couples therapy can guide you through the process of rebuilding trust, fostering accountability, and strengthening your commitment to one another. By addressing the root causes of trust issues and developing a shared understanding, you can restore a sense of security and emotional safety within your partnership.

Nurturing a Healthy Family Environment

For couples with children, therapy can provide invaluable guidance on creating a nurturing and low-conflict home environment. You’ll learn techniques for shielding your children from adult issues, co-parenting effectively, and fostering a supportive family dynamic that promotes emotional well-being for all members.

Clarifying Roles and Boundaries

Healthy relationships thrive on clearly defined roles and boundaries. Couples therapy can help you navigate the complexities of shared responsibilities, personal needs, and expectations. By establishing clear and mutually agreed-upon boundaries, you can cultivate a sense of respect, autonomy, and balance within your partnership.

Increased Self-Awareness and Personal Growth

The process of couples therapy is not just about addressing relationship dynamics; it’s also an opportunity for profound self-discovery and personal growth. As you explore your individual behaviors, emotions, and ways of relating, you’ll gain invaluable insights that can enhance your overall well-being and enrich all aspects of your life.

Developing Resilience and Coping Strategies

Life is filled with challenges, and even the strongest relationships can be tested by external stressors, such as financial strain, grief, or significant life changes. Couples therapy equips you with coping strategies and resilience-building techniques, empowering you to navigate these obstacles together with grace and fortitude.

Choosing the Right Couples Therapist

Finding the right couples therapist is crucial to the success of your therapeutic journey. When researching potential therapists, consider the following factors:

Professional Qualifications and Experience

Look for a licensed mental health professional, such as a licensed psychologist, licensed counselor, or licensed clinical social worker, who specializes in couples therapy. Ensure they regularly work with couples as part of their practice. Another excellent cost-effective option can be an intern working under the supervision of a couples therapist.

Therapeutic Approach and Compatibility

Different therapists may employ various therapeutic modalities, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, emotionally focused therapy, or the Gottman Method. Research these approaches and choose a therapist whose style resonates with your preferences and needs as a couple. A 10-15 minute consult before beginning might also help you determine if the person seems like a good fit.

Insurance Reimbursement and Affordability

Consider your budget and insurance reimbursement. Typically, insurance will reimburse for therapy, and some practices offer sliding-scale fees based on income, or have interns available, making therapy more accessible if you are struggling financially

Logistical Considerations

Factors such as the therapist’s location, office environment, and availability can also influence your decision. Choose a therapist whose office is conveniently located and whose schedule aligns with your availability. Some practices are even open evenings and Saturdays to better fit the needs of couples. Also, online therapy can help so you don’t miss sessions if you can’t get to the office.

Personal Connection and Rapport

During your initial consultation, pay attention to your rapport with the therapist. A strong therapeutic alliance built on trust, empathy, and mutual respect is crucial for the success of your couples therapy journey.

The Couples Therapy Process

While every couple’s journey is unique, the couples therapy process typically follows a similar structure. Here’s what you can expect:

Initial Consultation and Assessment

The first step in couples therapy is an initial consultation, where the therapist will gather information about your relationship history, current challenges, and goals for therapy. This assessment helps the therapist determine the most appropriate treatment approach and establish a therapeutic plan tailored to your specific needs. Be aware assessments can take more than one session, depending on the issues at hand.

Regular Therapy Sessions

Most couples attend weekly or bi-weekly sessions, typically lasting 45-90 minutes. Consistency is crucial for building momentum and solidifying the progress made during each session. The frequency and duration of sessions may be adjusted based on your unique circumstances and the therapist’s recommendations.

Identifying Core Issues and Patterns

Through open discussions, exercises, and assessment tools, the therapist will help you identify the underlying patterns, behaviors, and dynamics contributing to the challenges you’re facing. This process fosters self-awareness and provides a foundation for effective intervention.

Skill-Building and Experiential Learning

Couples therapy is not just about exploring problems; it’s also about acquiring new skills and tools for communication, conflict resolution, and emotional regulation. Your therapist will guide you through exercises, role-playing scenarios, and homework assignments designed to reinforce these new skills and facilitate positive change.

Exploring Emotions and Fostering Empathy

A key aspect of couples therapy is creating a safe space for both partners to express vulnerable emotions, such as anger, sadness, fear, or resentment. The therapist will facilitate this process, helping you understand and validate each other’s emotional experiences, fostering empathy and deeper connection.

Collaborative Solution-Finding

Throughout the therapy process, you and your partner will work collaboratively with the therapist to develop practical solutions to specific relationship challenges. This collaborative approach empowers you to take an active role in shaping the direction of your relationship and ensures that the solutions are tailored to your unique needs and goals.

Progress Monitoring and Adjustments

Your therapist will regularly assess your progress and provide feedback on areas that require further attention or adjustment. This ongoing monitoring ensures that the therapy remains effective and responsive to your evolving needs as a couple.

Embracing the Journey of Couples Therapy

Embarking on the path of couples therapy is a courageous act of self-care and a testament to your commitment to nurturing a healthy, fulfilling relationship. While the journey may present challenges and require vulnerability, the rewards of a deeper emotional connection, improved communication, and a renewed sense of intimacy make it a worthwhile investment.

Remember, couples therapy is not a quick fix or a one-size-fits-all solution. It takes time. It’s a transformative process that requires dedication, open-mindedness, and a willingness to embrace change. By approaching the experience with an open heart and a growth mindset, you can unlock the full potential of couples therapy and fortify the bonds that unite you as a couple. Embrace the journey, celebrate the milestones, and cherish the opportunity to strengthen your relationship in a profound and lasting way. With the guidance of a skilled couples therapist, you can navigate the complexities of life’s challenges together, emerging as a stronger, more resilient, and deeply connected partnership.

TELETHERAPY CHANGES AND THE SERIOUS IMPACT ON COURT-ORDERED THERAPY (Such as – Reunification Therapy Online When Parents Reside in Different States)

We often get asked about doing reunification therapy, or any form of family therapy, when parents or family members reside in differing states. We even see court orders ordering parents or a family into cross-state therapy, and judges and attorneys are surprised how difficult that has become to effectuate. This is likely because for about two+ years around the time of Covid, starting from sometime in 2020 to sometime in 2022 or 2023, all states waived restrictions against providing therapy across state lines via telehealth. However, those waivers have all expired, and rather than use the opportunity to progress to a permanent allowance of online therapy between a therapist in one state and a client in a different state, the states regressed to their pre-Covid mandates that restrict the cross-state practice of psychotherapy. One has to get creative to make these cases work!

The issue is that of state licensing. A clinician must be licensed in the state the client is in to provide therapy online to that person. So, in the case of reunification therapy, if one parent and the child are in NC, but the other parent is in another state, the therapist must be licensed in both states the parents are in to work the case. These are pre-Covid state licensing laws; during Covid states waived these requirements, and as long as you were licensed in one state, you could provide online sessions to clients in any state. All of those waivers have expired and have states reverted to the old way where you must be licensed in the state the client is in during the session. It’s not about the client’s residency, but literally about where that client is when the session takes place. For example, if the out-of-state client is in a neighboring state to NC, and drives across the border into NC and uses their tablet or phone to have an online session, that is allowable because the clinician is licensed in NC and the client is physically in NC at the time of the session. As such, clinicians licensed in NC can provide online therapy for clients living anywhere in this state.

The state licensing boards for Psychologists are addressing this issue via Psypact. The Psychology Interjurisdictional Compact (PSYPACT®) is an interstate compact designed to facilitate the practice of telepsychology across states. Forty states participate, but currently ten do not. Also, most psychologists have not signed up yet. The application process is tedious and expensive. Hence, for most psychologists, unless they need clients and believe potential clients will find them searching online for care from another state, there is no incentive to sign up. Nonetheless, it seems likely over time more and more psychologists will do so, especially if the application process becomes easier and more affordable. Please note, as of yet this has only been state psychology boards who created a cross-state practice compact; counselors, social workers, and marriage and family therapists all have their own licensing boards and have no such compacts yet to allow them to practice telehealth across state lines.

This becomes tricky for attorneys and judges trying to help parties have cross state therapy for things like co-parenting therapy, family therapy or reunification therapy, because you need to find a therapist who specializes in that area of therapy … AND… is licensed in both states, OR, is a psychologist who is a member of Psypact. For families with money, time, and/or less of a drive/flight, we have parents who come to NC for their sessions (from VA, SC, DC, KY, TN, FL, etc.) Some come all the way to the Triangle to have in-person sessions. Some just drive across the border into NC we can hold the session for them online. Our social workers have also, for some cases, obtained a temporary or limited license in that other state in instances where the second state offers such options, which not all do.

Stay tuned to our Forensic Newsletter! As changes occur, we will keep you updated. This is an important issue in the therapeutic care of families living across states.

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